How are women represented in the Ramayana story Essay

How are women represented in the Ramayana story - Essay Example The epic, in totality, describes victory of goodness over evil through the virtues of love, honesty, truth, respect, and dignity. Ramayana has been translated, rewritten and reinterpreted by many scholars in various Indian languages. The author, R.K.Narayan, has followed the work of Kamban, a famous Tamil poet of the 11th century A.D, in his narration of The Ramayana (p.xii). While the Ramayana describes the greatness of Rama, son of King Dasaratha, the epic highlights depth of every relation; for example, that of the son, the teacher, the father, the mother, the brother, the sister, the daughter, the King, the Soldier, and the servant. Parallely, it also describes the role of the man and woman on this earth. Ever since history was discovered, the Hindu mythology always regarded woman with great respect and dignity, next to the Almighty, himself. Scholars have also stated that even God, himself, bows down only in front of this mother. Even Ramayana describes woman with the same dignity and respect. The author’s narration of the story of Thataka, a ferocious female demon, depicts Rama’s hesitation to kill her on the orders of teacher Vishwamitra because killing a woman was against his principles. Then the author refers to the teacher’s statement made to Rama, ‘a woman of demoniac tendencies loses all consideration to be treated as a woman’ (p.13). This explains that woman is considered to be a life-giver and deserves the ultimate position of respect that any human being can ever receive. Any woman that cannot personify that ideal figure and causes destruction, is not worthy of living. In the context of power and control, the author refers to Vishwamitra’s narration of the story of Ganga to Rama. In this context, Ganga, the holy river is gendered as female (p.16). In his narration Ganga is all powerful, and convincing Ganga for a cause

Harry Shippe Truman :: Biographies Presidents Essays

Harry Shippe Truman missing works cited When Harry Truman was about five years old, his family noticed he was having eye troubles. With these eye problems, Harry wasn't able to see stars or the falling dust from fireworks. Harry never noticed this. When his mother got his first pair of glasses, they were thick glass in which the doctor said that he shouldn't run hard or play in many sports with them on. Harry saw a whole new world when he first got the glasses. He would stare for hours just looking at the bright stars. But, Harry's fun with the glasses soon ended when he went to school. The other kids would tease him about the glasses because he was the only one in the class with glasses. The teasing didn't bother him much because the other kids grew up learning not to hit kids with glasses. Harry liked reading books in his spare time. He especially liked Mark Twain's books 'Tom Sawyer' and 'Huckleberry Finn'. He had to read mostly adult books. Another one of his favorite books were biographies of the U.S. presidents. Harry read most of the three- thousand books that were in a nearby library. Harry was very good in school because of reading all the books. His mom wanted Harry, his brother Vivian, and Their little sister Mary Jane to enrich their lives so she bought them a piano. She gave the children lessons and noticed that Harry was especially gifted with the piano. So, she sent him to get professional lessons with a woman named Mrs. Edwin C. White. Everyone in his family thought that Harry would become a concert Pianist. Harry thought so too. Harry had experiences that the other kids did not have while playing the piano. Harry's teacher once was a student of one of the greatest pianists ever to live named Ignacy Jan Paderewski. When he was having a concert in their town, Harry's teacher brought him to the concert and introduced Harry to Ignacy. Ignacy showed Harry how to play his own famous composition Minuet in G. It was a moment Harry never forgot. The kids at his school really started to make fun of him when they saw him going to school with music roles because they thought piano playing was for sissies. But he kept on going and still ignored them. Harry' father got harry a pony so he wouldn't be all books and piano

How Does Literature Affect the Society

There are many kinds of incurable diseases which yet medical scientists with improved instruments and medicine haven’t been able to find any treatment for them and finally it results to the death of the affected person or animal HIV can be one of those diseases that right now in the world with about seven milliard population a numerous number of people are waiting to welcome death because of this fatal disease Scientists believe HIV came from a particular kind of chimpanzee in Western Africa. Humans probably came in contact with HIV when they hunted and ate infected animals. Recent studies indicate that HIV may have jumped from monkeys to humans as far back as the late 1800s. Human Immunodeficiency Virus is a lot like other viruses, including those that cause the â€Å"flu† or the common cold. But there is an important difference – over time, your immune system can clear most viruses out of your body. That isn't the case with HIV – the human immune system can't seem to get rid of it. Scientists are still trying to figure out why. We know that HIV can hide for long periods of time in the cells of your body and that it attacks a key part of your immune system – your T-cells or CD4 cells. Your body has to have these cells to fight infections and disease, but HIV invades them, uses them to make more copies of itself, and then destroys them. Over time, HIV can destroy so many of your CD4 cells that your body can't fight infections and diseases anymore In conclusion it can be said that HIV is the most incurable and fatal disease that can take the lives of millions every year

The Analytic Lenses of Ethnography - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1356 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/06/24 Category Culture Essay Level High school Topics: Ethnographic Essay Did you like this example? The ethnographic compositions of researchers Philippe Bourgois and Jeff Schonberg, authors of Righteous Dopefiend, and Matthew Desmond, author of Evicted, exemplify the way that qualitative research can radically help to understand major public health concerns. While the authors believe that ethnographic research is a powerful vehicle for understanding transcultural issues, especially among vulnerable populations, their convictions about ethnographically is fundamentally different, which is reflected in the respective authors choice of methods and voice in the text. Ethnography, in a very basic sense, is the integration of investigative journalism and scientific method. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Analytic Lenses of Ethnography" essay for you Create order In his essay Anthropology and epidemiology on drugs: the challenges of cross-methodological and theoretical dialogue, Philippe Bourgois emphasizes the importance of discourse between epidemiologists and ethnographers in order to advance public health sectors among vulnerable populations. Although the health science field is dominated by quantitative work, Bourgois suggests that integrating qualitative work and mixed-methods can offer critical insight into the social structures and individual behaviors that give rise to illness (Bourgois 2002: 260). The power of language in ethnographic writing is also extremely critical to accurately portray the experiences of the research subjects. Susan Sontag, a 20th century writer known for her essays Illness as Metaphor and Aids as Metaphor, argues that language produces meaning, guides conceptual thought, and is a central structural force. Sontag suggests that this power is often detrimental because it incites harmful stigma and stereotyping ag ainst individuals based on the cultural assumptions embedded in the language we use. One goal of ethnography writing, therefore, should be to present objective observations unprejudiced by embedded assumptions within the language. While the authors of Righteous Dopefiend and Evicted differ in their scientific methods and ethnographic narrative, they both strongly insist that the power of well-written, articulated ethnographic research is undeniably necessary to engage with texts and offer accurate, non-partisan insight of the ethnographic subject. Righteous Dopefiend focuses on injection-drug users living in homeless encampments in San Francisco. The primary goal presented by Bourgois and Schonberg is to understand how institutional structural agents, like government and family, manifest in individuals facing drug-addiction and extreme poverty. For Bourgois and Schonberg, ethnographic research should accurately reflect the zeitgeist, sentiments, and hardships of the subject, but without glorification or aggrandization. Researching severely stigmatized demographics necessitates careful attention to methodology, especially in the extent of participant observation, without encroaching upon analytical and professional boundaries. In the case of observing the Edgewater Homeless, Bourgois and Schonberg had to assert their boundaries definitively so as not to be relied upon for money, transportation, or other services. At the same time, however, the authors express the importance of understanding the moral economy in order to gage the underlying social structures that propagate the social norms and health outcomes among individuals in the demographic. For individuals living in non-market economies, the moral economy sustains and drives communities through exchanges in the universal pursuit of survival. As presented in Righteous Dopefiend, the moral economy was driven by the cotton exchange, which created a sort of informal insurance policy against heroin withdrawal in the form of sharing. Bourgois and Schonberg suggest that their participation in the moral economy was necessary for accurate data collection and insight into the mechanics of the factors governing individual and interpersonal behavior. For the authors, engaging in the moral economy often meant offering blankets, food, or transportation, which is exemplified when Bourgois offered a ride to Tina in exchange for an informal interview. According to Bourgois and Schonberg, the anthropological notion of cultural relativism is an important vehicle to be able to digest the extremely complex, often distressing, experiences of vulnerable populations. The authors write learning about life on the street in the United States requires the reader to keep an open mind and, at least provisionally, to suspend judgement, (Bourgois, 2009: 7) demonstrating that observing the upsetting, even shocking, experiences of marginalized populations requires a degree of cultural relativism. Bourgois and Schonberg also address the ethical dilemmas of ethnography. They discuss their initial concerns, especially among marginalized populations, that their presence might arouse local law enforcement, causing negative repercussions for their subjects and thus blight their objective of observing by the least-intrusive methods possible. Informed consent, respect, and privacy is critical, according to Bourgois and Schonberg, from a legalistic human r ights perspective, and also to preserve the dignity of their subjects without reifying stigmatization and negative images. The controversial nature of illicit drug use, sex work, and violence, in combination with apparent racism and sexism makes Bourgois and Schonbergs research particularly susceptible to reification of existing social stigma. The difficulty of ethnographic research, as stated by Bourgois and Schonberg, is the contentious, often difficult, balance of being present in ones environment, while also refining an analytical understanding of the subjects. The power of participant observation is that it forces academics out of their ivory tower and compels them to violate the boundaries of class and cultural segregation, (Bourgois, 2009: 14) implying that ethnography creates an intimacy that fosters precious insight into research subjects that quantitative work simply cannot provide. In a similar sense, Matthew Desmond, author of Evicted, argues that ethnographic research is critical to providing accurate and non-partisan insight of the ethnographic subjects, but he varies greatly in his analytical approach. Evicted focuses on poverty-stricken individuals living in low-income neighborhoods of Milwaukee, who face economic exploitation and structural violence embedded in the private housing market. Desmond conducts his ethnographic research in correspondence with quantitative research collected through surveys. In his discussion of ethnography, Desmonds main argument revolves around the decision to write in the third-person, despite acknowledging that ethnographic writing is typically dominated by first-person narratives. Ethnographic work, in a general sense, favors a first-person narrative because it offers an intimate look into the lives of the research subjects and furnishes evidence that the researcher was on site, directly interacting with the subjects, reinf orcing scientific credibility. Desmond critiques first-person accounts by saying ethnographers shrink themselves in the field but enlarge themselves on the page because first-person accounts convey experienceand experience, authority, (Desmond 2016, 334) illustrating that the egocentric nature of first-person is far too focused on the researcher and his or her personal responses to their observations. According to Desmond, the reality of extreme poverty, unequal wealth-distribution, and racism in America is far too pressing an issue to veer the attention away from the subject to focus on the ethnographers subjective experience. Stylistically, third-person narratives are harder to prove scientifically authentic because the researcher does not directly insert themselves and their work in the text. This narrative style also risks appearing sensationalist or hyperbolic, which can negatively distort the way the research subject is perceived. However, third-person is less methodological and naturally evokes depth and meaning because the ethnographer is using prose. The purpose of Desmonds research, with the aid of the third-person narrative, is to foster an objective understanding of the extreme inequality and poverty rampantly spreading across America through the lens of his subjects unfiltered stories and experiences. Evicted also discusses the logistical and ethical dilemmas of ethnographic research. In stating that your race and gender, where and how you were raised, your temperament and dispositioncan influence whom you meet, what is confided to you, what you are shown and how you interpret what you see, (Desmond 2016: 325) Desmond suggests that an ethnographers state of mind and personal qualities deeply affect the data that is collected. Furthermore, like Bourgois and Schonberg, Desmond illustrates his experience with the moral economy of exchange through food sharing and small favors, while also reflecting the nee d to definitively assert boundaries by refusing to giving out large amounts of money. As Bourgois and Schonberg argued the need for cultural relativism to handle the upsetting, even shocking, observations of marginalized populations, Desmond discusses his own affliction with prolonged depression in the wake of observing the heartbreaking trauma experienced by his research subjects. While Desmond describes that he ultimately was able to conceal his distress, he still felt underlying guilt for the apparent socioeconomic disparity between himself and his subjects. Desmond describes this experience when he writes: the more difficult ethical dilemma is not how to respond when asked to help but how to respond when you are given too much (Desmond 2016: 336).

Essay Birth Defects - 857 Words

Birth defects, or congenital malformations, are the faulty formation of structures or body parts present at birth. Sporadic, hereditary, or acquired defects may be immediately observed or may become manifest later in life; they may be visible on the body surface or present internally. Birth defects may be life threatening and require surgical correction, or they may interfere with function or appearance. It is estimated that about 3% of all children are born with major defects; minor defects or variations are estimated to occur in 10% to 15% of births. Malformations may be single or multiple. Multiple malformations that occur in a regular recognizable pattern are referred to as syndromes--for example, the FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME sometimes†¦show more content†¦In cases of autosomal recessive inheritance, both parents are normal but each carries a silent, or recessive, gene that, if matched in an offspring, causes the birth defect. Because both parents are so-called carriers (heterozygotes) of the same abnormal gene, they run a 25% risk (1 in 4) of having a child with the birth defect caused by that particular gene. Examples of birth defects inherited in this autosomal recessive manner are TAY-SACHS DISEASE and SICKLE-CELL ANEMIA. In cases of X-linked recessive inheritance the abnormal gene is located on the X chromosome. The normal mother has two X chromosomes, one of which carries the gene for the abnormal condition; but if her son inherits her X chromosome with the abnormal gene, he will be affected with the condition. HEMOPHILIA is inherited in this matter. Multifactorial Defects Many common birth defects do not occur in a pattern that indicates simple Mendelian inheritance. They seem to result from an interaction of genes and the environment, including the intrauterine environment, and each factor includes a number of different hereditary and environmental influences; hence, these defects are called multifactorial. Among them are congenital heart disease; neural tube defects, including SPINA BIFIDA, myelomeningocele, and anencephaly; and CLUBFOOT, CLEFT LIP AND PALATE, and dislocated hips. Chromosome Number An increase or decrease in the total chromosome material can cause birth defects. ForShow MoreRelatedA Birth Defect1860 Words   |  8 Pagesdifferent recourses show that about 1 in 33 babies that are born in the U.S have a birth defect. I decided to use this known fact from the Human Biology thirteenth edition textbook by Sylvia S. Mader and Michael Windelpecht due to the fact that not many people know or even care to think about it— that is— unless it happened to them or someone in their own circle. In order to understand how to prevent and test for a birth defect you need to understand some common definitions and words that can be used whileRead MoreBirth Defects2486 Words   |  10 PagesBirth Defetc s No one is immune to birth defetc s, yet not everyone is equally susceptible. Birth defetc s are not merely a medical problem. They have profound effetc s on the social and psychological well being of their family and friends. In the normal course of fetal development, cells migrate to their appropriate destination so that organs and limbs form where they should. Usually, the genes perform flawlessly, but mistakes can and do occur. Some of the most common birth defetc sRead More Birth Defects Essays2443 Words   |  10 Pages Birth Defects No one is immune to birth defects, yet not everyone is equally susceptible. Birth defects are not merely a medical problem. They have profound effects on the social and psychological well being of their family and friends. In the normal course of fetal development, cells migrate to their appropriate destination so that organs and limbs form where they should. Usually, the genes perform flawlessly, but mistakes can and do occur. Some of the most common birth defects results from theRead MoreBirth Defects And Its Effects On Society1441 Words   |  6 Pages Sean Moren Mrs. Bumgarner English I Honors 5 May 2017 Studies have been completed, showing that 10% of birth defects are caused by chemicals in industrial products.(Birth Defects and Environmental Causes. ) The chemicals in industrial products come from many things, however, food is one of the largest contributors to birth defects. Therefore, it is important that consumers understand how the industry s use of chemicals can affect one’s, health through their use of packing, synthetic chemicalsRead MoreBirth Defects in differenct Cultures1229 Words   |  5 PagesIn many cultures, birth defects are considered a curse and are sought to be removed by some method: spiritually or by simply ignoring them. However, as science is improving and eyes are opening towards the topic of birth defects, more research has been conducted to understand and accept them. Since the 1960s, the federal government introduced ways that mentally ill patients could live outside a mental hospital, where they were confined from the general public, and live a normal life. Many communitiesRead More Congenital Birth Defects Essay2343 Words   |  10 PagesCongenital Birth Defects Birth defects, congenital abnormalities are terms used to describe developmental defects that are present at birth. There are a lot of genetic and environmental interactions in the complex transition from a fertilised ovum to a fully formed human being. The stage of development that the interactions are affected influences the type of birth defects. Birth defect causes can be divided into two types, genetic and environmental causes. There are also birth defects which areRead MoreCase Study on Birth Defects1284 Words   |  5 Pages1. How does the class-presented case study of birth defects draw together and demonstrate each of the goals of epidemiologists (15 points)? During class lecture on 4/4/2014, I learned about a case study regarding neural tube defects (NTD). The instructor, Amy Ham, discussed this study as well as various ways professionals apply the goals of epidemiology: â€Å" -To determine the extent of disease found in the community -To trace the etiology of disease -To study the natural history of disease inRead MoreThe Common Genetic Birth Defects1170 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the most common genetic birth defects is Down syndrome which is a congenital disorder caused from a chromosome defect. It causes impairments and physical abnormalities. This is a condition where a child is born with an extra copy of their 21st chromosome. According to the National Down Syndrome Society (NDSS), 1 in 700 babies are born with DS. There is not an exact cause of how DS happens but there is an explanation as to what happens. When there is any case of reproduction, genes from bothRead MoreThe Birth Of A Baby With Genetic Defects1744 Words   |  7 PagesScience has evolved rapidly, from paternal test, to vitro fertilization (IVF) and testing embryos for genetic defects; and recently talks of designer babies. The first genetically tested embryo was in the US in 2000 . With his birth, came a law in the UK, (which was where this baby was born) prohibiting th e creation of more of these babies. This law was created since the British Medical Association, Dr Vivienne Nathanson, said that these babies would feel as â€Å"medical products†. This law still remainsRead MoreThe Effects Of Birth Defects On The Development Of The Fetus899 Words   |  4 PagesPrenatal development is the process in which a human embryo or fetus gestates during pregnancy, from fertilization until birth (Prenatal Development). Most cases of unhealthy development can be avoided, however there are some genetic and environmental factors that cannot. Some genetic factors that affect the development of the fetus are Phenylketonuria, Sickle-cell Anemia, Tay-Sachs Disease, and Down Syndrome (Feldman 402). Some environmental teratogens that affect the development of the fetus are

The (Shallow) Picture of Dorian Gray Essay example

Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray presents a keen question on morality: can one cleanse the senses by the means of the soul, and the soul by the means of the senses? Dorian Gray lives out this epigram of Lord Henry’s in an attempt to justify a life of hedonism and over-objectification of beauty. Wilde introduces Dorian as a young man whose beauty rivals the â€Å"invention of the oil painting† itself (Wilde 7). Basil Hallward, the painter, claims that Dorian is â€Å"absolutely necessary† to him and showers Dorian in compliments as he paints him in Greek and Roman idealizations (7). Lord Henry tells Dorian that when his â€Å"youth† and â€Å"beauty goes,† he will discover there are â€Å"no triumphs left† for him (16). Because of his good looks,†¦show more content†¦Upon arriving home, Dorian notices the physical disfigurement of his soul in his painting due to his treatment of Sibyl and claims, as his portrait is now a â€Å"visible emblem of conscience,† that he will change his ways by resisting temptation and not seeing Lord Henry anymore (67). He vows to â€Å"go back to Sibyl Vane, make amends, marry her, and try to love her again† (67). Dorian attempts to change his mode of life and forget his pursuit of p leasure in favor of moral soundness. It is in this moment that Dorian could been seen as repentant, as a man who recognizes his sins and would like to make amends for the sake of his own soul. However, the next morning, while contemplating his guilt, Dorian reminds himself that there are â€Å"opiates for remorse, drugs that could lull the moral sense to sleep† (70). He writes a letter to Sibyl and feels â€Å"forgiven† for his harsh words (70). Lord Henry then arrives, and assuming that Dorian has already heard of Sibyl’s death, says that he’s relieved Dorian is not â€Å"plunged in remorse, and tearing that nice curly hair† of his (71). By â€Å"tearing his curly hair,† Dorian would be destroying his beauty on account of moral principles, an act that would violate the Lord Henry’s philosophy. After Lord Henry tells Dorian that Sibyl has killed herself, Dorian is initially horrified but eventually calms himself by saying that though Sibyl has died, â€Å"the birds sing just as happily† in hisShow MoreRelated Inner and outer beauty in Dorian Gray Essay1495 Words   |  6 Pagesthe real beauty and ugliness are hid den. The notion of inner and outer beauty is perfectly presented in the novel ‘The Picture of Dorian Gray’ by Oscar Wilde. The story described in this book shows how the external attractiveness influences people’s behavior and corrupts the inner beauty. The plot situated in the XIX England perfectly describes the higher class of this period. Shallow and two-faced society is concentrated only on the esthetical values of the surrounding. Youth and beauty are the mostRead MoreInner and Outer Beauty in Dorian Gray1512 Words   |  7 Pagesbeauty and ugliness are hidden. The notion of inner and outer beauty is perfectly presented in the novel ‘The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde. The story described in this book shows how the external attractiveness influences peoples behavior and corrupts the inner beauty. The plot situated in the XIX England perfectly describes the higher class of this period. Shallow and two-faced society is concentrated only on the esthetical values of the surrounding. Youth and beauty are the mostRead MoreEssay on Analysis of the Women in The Picture of Dorian Gray1149 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of the Women in The Picture of Dorian Gray   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sibyl falls head over heels in love with Dorian Gray, willing to commit her life to him after only two weeks. Lady Henry hardly knows her husband, to whom she has been married for some time. Because neither woman is in a stable and comfortable situation, both eventually take drastic measures to move on. Therefore, in The Picture of Dorian Gray, both Sibyl Vane and Lady Henry are weak, flighty, and naive.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The weakness ofRead MoreThe Picture Of Dorian Gray, And The Phantom Of The Beholder1302 Words   |  6 Pagesare unattainable, and galvanize society to reject or promote people based on their outward appearance and hold people’s inner beauty in less regard. The imbalance between physical (outward) appearance and inward is a key theme in both The Picture of Dorian Gray, and The Phantom of the Opera. In both novels, the main characters are subject to judgment that is overwhelmingly directed at their outward appearance, and we see an over-emphasis of the superficial, which ultimately leads to their downfallRead MoreModern Society As A Reflection Of The Picture Of Dorian Gray By Oscar Wilde1432 Words   |  6 PagesWilde’s only novel The Picture of Dorian Gray have incited modern adaptations and the appropriation of these texts into modern culture. This text display cultural and literary disciplines entrenched in superficial concepts that have since be come common in today’s shallow society. Contemporary texts such as the 2004 film The League Of Extraordinary Gentlemen (based on the comic book of the same name) directed by Stephen Norrington, not only visualise the character of Dorian Gray but also easily assimilateRead MoreModern Society as a Reflection of the Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde1460 Words   |  6 PagesWilde’s only novel The Picture of Dorian Gray have incited modern adaptations and the appropriation of these texts into modern culture. This text display cultural and literary disciplines entrenched in superficial concepts that have since become common in today’s shallow society. Contemporary texts such as the 2004 film The League Of Extraordinary Gentlemen (based on the comic book of the same name) directed by Stephen Norrington, not only visualise the character of Dorian Gray but also easily assimilateRead More Oscar Wildes The Picture of Dorian Gray Essay examples1731 Words   |  7 Pa gesOscar Wildes The Picture of Dorian Gray   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Picture of Dorian Gray is a novel by Oscar Wilde. The genre of this novel can be classified as a comedy of manners or a gothic novel. The Picture of Dorian Gray was first published in 1890 in Lippincott’s Monthly Magazine. Another version with an additional six chapters was published in 1891. One of the major themes in the novel was the Supremacy of Beauty and Youth. A very attractive man has a portrait painted of himself, and after being warnedRead MoreDorian Gray : Moral Responsibility Essay1350 Words   |  6 PagesIn The Picture of Dorian Gray, by Oscar Wilde, it tells of a mans gradual downfall from innocence to corruption. Even the name of the main character in Oscar Wildes tale, Dorian Gray, is very symbolic because ‘gray is the combination of black and white, of good and evil. In many ways, Dorian Gray is the epitome of mankind. Dorian Gray, an innocent and naà ¯ve man, becomes corrupted after having one conversation with Lord Henry Wotto n. He shows how easily people can become swayed and changed merelyRead MoreOscar Wilde s The Picture Of Dorian Gray1049 Words   |  5 PagesKevin McElroyIn The Picture of Dorian Gray, the author Oscar Wilde relays the message to the reader that youth decays with age but value and beauty does not. The character Dorian Gray mourned his stage of youth through the portrait instead of having cherished the times he experienced. This use of symbolism through the portrait is Wilde s way of expressing this theme. This main symbol is the portrait itself as the author uses it to gradually reveal Dorian’s true identity. Dorian Gray is an attractiveRead MoreSybil Vanes Symbolic Role in The Portrait of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde981 Words   |  4 PagesSibyl Vane’s Symbolic Role In â€Å"The Picture Of Dorian Gray†, By Oscar Wilde Sibyl Vane plays a symbolic role in The Picture of Dorian Gray; moreover, she plays a symbolic role in Dorian Gray’s life. This essay will explore how Sybil’s character initially influences Dorian in a positive way, giving him the motive to turn away from decadence but subsequently brings about his downfall. Recurring themes will be discussed such as the aesthetic and references will be given to show examples of Sybil’s

Development Of Appraisal And Reward System Free Essays

Reward system is an instilled component of the personality of every man; he is a tripartite being with a spirit living in a body, and a soul. He thinks, feels, decides and acts. These are the elements of human interaction either at home or in any other organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Development Of Appraisal And Reward System or any similar topic only for you Order Now This system has long been proven by brain biologist and psychologists to be of paramount use in the development of a responsible and effective. This is further confirmed by the nature of outputs produced by organizations that have harnessed this for industrial use [Wilson, 2003]. The recognition of intuitive input to the productivity of an organization, and the subsequent reward of such has indeed advanced the course of man at all levels of human administration. Really, its importance can not be overemphasized in this age of competitive business market. There are specific and pragmatic ways of establishing this amiable system into the company’s mainstream activity; this is the main focus of this article. IMPORTANCE OF APPRAISAL AND AWARD SYSTEM This is a ‘global age’; an age where the large world is shirked into a small global village. Innovations are emerging daily. Alls spheres of human endeavor are advancing at millennial speed. In this age, there is intense search for talents and skills that can maintain such developments or excellence, and also even work on them to produce better. This has created keen competition in the labor market, and every company knows the value of its high-output workers, and would never want to loose them. It is this that has made performance and character based appraisal and reward system more important to the survival of any enterprise than ever before in the history of man. Every one wants the best. The search for the best leaves no space for inefficiency, as the best must be delivered by employees. Companies have also inculcated diversity into their mission statement to accommodate enough space for this search for the best, and retaining those who have also proven to be of optimum impact to the activities of the organization. The concept of diversity has thrown appraisal and reward into a bigger landscape for employees ready to give their best to their chosen area of influence at work. In this case, the impact of encouraging an effort geared in this direction is of utmost importance and can not be overlooked. Leading organization in any known industry, and even new inclusions understand the place of recognizing and awarding ingenuity by company employees targeted at improving customer patronage or better service delivery. Great managers and leaders do acknowledge that humans can deliver beyond their present status if only they are encouraged by a credible means. A child who receives encouragement at home from his parents usually performs better that one that does not enjoy such privilege. It is an inherent need of man, that his potential can be better harnessed with tangibly significant appreciation. In the presence of a credible and fair reward system, employees have a basic encouragement to deliver their best to the Company, in their capacity. They can afford to stretch themselves with their elastic limit to meet deadlines, increase effectiveness and productivity, deliver more efficient and customer-friendly service because there would be a reward for their labor. This leads to increased productivity for the Company. This productivity is relative to the Company product. Even religious organizations understand this as they promise more blessings for obedient servants. This system, if properly put in place, heightens sense of responsibility of the employee and creates a ‘working bond’ that may not be easy to break. With a fair plan, there is increased interest in Company acts, mission, plans and goals. This created a better working environment for them, and there is increased trust and more fruitful human relationships in the Company. DEVELOPMENT OF THE SYSTEM A system that recognizes human inputs and quality ideas directed at optimal productivity, improved working environment and human relations, confidence and profitability of a company, and significantly rewards such via credible and fair techniques is referred to as an appraisal and reward system; its effectiveness is enhanced as all participants, employees and managers, understand its purpose and are poised to make useful contribution towards achieving the set goals. A good plan is based on a combination of performance and character [John Bill]. Its development involves steps outlined below: DEFINITION OF PURPOSE It is important to start with a well-defined purpose. Purpose of the system is clearly outlined from the outset. This is seen to be consistent with the Mission statement of the Company in writing and principle; it is communicated to employees and is also broken into smaller units called Goals. It is in bringing such purpose down into those achievable units that they show pragmatism and spur workers to work[ Gallup]. COMPANY INTERACTIONS/COMMUNICATION This involves a forum through which such system is communicated to participants in clear and understandable terms. Suggestions and quality ideas are welcomed on the plan and execution of the plan. This also affords an opportunity to for skill acquisition and training geared at achieving the Purpose. Really, this is inevitable to the survival of the program Communication should not be a once-and-for-all thing; it need be continuous. In this way and at any point in the course of organization’s work, there is a location, personality or unit constantly refreshing people’s mind about the program. This keeps the spirit alive. GOALS This should be SMART: Stipulated and Stimulating, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time-bound. With effective communication, employees understand and can work toward them. With those criteria, goals are closer to the heart and easier to handle at work. It is important to combine an insightful technique in drawing such goals; this is easier when everybody- all participants are part of the decision making. IMPLEMENTATION STRUCTURE This is the most important of all. If purpose is then and goals are made with effective communication and there is no CREDIBLE AND FAIR structure to implement the plans, then the result can be easily guessed: there would be result at all. Therefore, it is important for the structure to be credible and fair in such a way that the criteria for adjudging performance is well-stipulated and combine quantitative and qualitative means. No element of subjectivity should be seen because this is the major worry of employees. If there is no open and transparent objectivity in the implementation, the program would fail. This structure is vital to the success of the program; it could be created as another committee entirely or a unit per session [ups] that would oversee the activities of workers at different levels. It would also be interested in accurately informing unit members about the nature, category and content of reward. This would remove the excuse of inaccurate information and promote trust in the system. CATEGORISATION It is important for a categorization of the Purpose and goals into specific ‘committee’ or section where people of different work experience and exposure status can accurately fit in. This is to ensure that there is space for everyone, and a chance to be recognized as diligent. No one should be left out. Company products can also be categorized, with respectively competent employee. This is to ensure equal distribution of work based on talent, skills, and company’s expectation. REWARDS There should be a stated method of rewards and it should be both significant and tangible. Announcement is not enough reward. Such tools that can be employed include by compensation, awards or increase in base line salary. The latter is widely appraised, and is best effective when the incentive is about 25% of the baseline pay. Such should also be done with a short period of time. REVIEW It is important to review the activities of program, it impact on the organization and its vivid dividends at regular intervals. This would sustain and strength awareness of and confidence in the program. CONCLUSION All companies need a n appraisal and reward system, as ways of maximizing their workers input. This system affects all aspects of an organization. It is inevitable in this global and highly competitive age. Such can be established with defined purpose broken into goals, communicated to all participants under a credible and fair structure which is regularly reviewed for productivity. Gold companies retain best workers, and attract others by such means. It is no loss to any business at all. BIBILIOGRAPHY Wilson, Thomas. Innovative Reward systems for the changing workplace John, Bill: Reward and Appraisal. http://www. accaglobal. com/students/study_exams/qualifications/acca_choose/acca/fundamentals/ab/technical_articles/2944835 Performance Based Reward system Accessed from www. performance-appraisal. com/rewards. htm Performance Reward and Compensation. Accessed from http://www. gallupconsulting. com/content/? ci=58 Performance and Reward Accessed from Peter Scott www. peterscottconsult. co. uk/briefings/yourpartnerrewardsystem. doc Effective performance appraisal system. Accessed from www. allacademic. com/meta/p154789_index. html Effective Employee development Program http://www. maritz. com/employee_recognition_awards. html How to cite Development Of Appraisal And Reward System, Papers